Observed snow depth trends in the European Alps 1971 to 2019
Michael Matiu, Alice Crespi, Giacomo Bertoldi, Carlo Maria Carmagnola, Christoph Marty, Samuel Morin, Wolfgang Schöner, Daniele Cat Berro, Gabriele Chiogna, Ludovica De Gregorio, Sven Kotlarski, Bruno Majone, Gernot Resch, Silvia Terzago, Mauro Valt, Walter Beozzo, Paola Cianfarra, Isabelle Gouttevin, Giorgia Marcolini, Claudia Notarnicola, Marcello Petitta, Simon C. Scherrer, Ulrich Strasser, Michael Winkler, Marc Zebisch, A. Cicogna, R. Cremonini, Andrea Debernardi, Mattia Faletto, Mauro Gaddo, Lorenzo Giovannini, Luca Mercalli, Jean‐Michel Soubeyroux, Andrea Sušnik, Alberto Trenti, Stefano Urbani, Viktor Weilguni
Abstract
Abstract. The European Alps stretch over a range of climate zones, which affect the spatial distribution of snow. Previous analyses of station observations of snow were confined to regional analyses. Here, we present an Alpine wide analysis of snow depth from six Alpine countries: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Slovenia, and Switzerland; including altogether more than 2000 stations. Using a principal component analysis and k-means clustering, we identified five main modes of variability and five regions, which match the climatic forcing zones: north and high Alpine, northeast, northwest, southeast and southwest. Linear trends of mean monthly snow depth between 1971 to 2019 showed decreases in snow depth for 87 % of the stations. December to February trends were on average −1.1 cm decade−1 (min, max: −10.8, 4.4; elevation range 0–1000 m), −2.5 (−25.1, 4.4; 1000–2000 m) and −0.1 (−23.3, 9.9; 2000–3000 m), with stronger trends in March to May: −0.6 (−10.9, 1.0; 0–1000 m), −4.6 (−28.1, 4.1; 1000–2000 m) and −7.6 (−28.3, 10.5; 2000–3000 m). However, regional trends differed substantially, which challenges the notion of generalizing results from one Alpine region to another or to the whole Alps. This study presents an analysis of station snow depth series with the most comprehensive spatial coverage in the European Alps to date.- Cite:
- Michael Matiu, Alice Crespi, Giacomo Bertoldi, Carlo Maria Carmagnola, Christoph Marty, Samuel Morin, Wolfgang Schöner, Daniele Cat Berro, Gabriele Chiogna, Ludovica De Gregorio, Sven Kotlarski, Bruno Majone, Gernot Resch, Silvia Terzago, Mauro Valt, Walter Beozzo, Paola Cianfarra, Isabelle Gouttevin, Giorgia Marcolini, et al.. 2020. Observed snow depth trends in the European Alps 1971 to 2019.
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@article{Matiu-2020-Observed,
title = "Observed snow depth trends in the European Alps 1971 to 2019",
author = {Matiu, Michael and
Crespi, Alice and
Bertoldi, Giacomo and
Carmagnola, Carlo Maria and
Marty, Christoph and
Morin, Samuel and
Sch{\"o}ner, Wolfgang and
Berro, Daniele Cat and
Chiogna, Gabriele and
Gregorio, Ludovica De and
Kotlarski, Sven and
Majone, Bruno and
Resch, Gernot and
Terzago, Silvia and
Valt, Mauro and
Beozzo, Walter and
Cianfarra, Paola and
Gouttevin, Isabelle and
Marcolini, Giorgia and
Notarnicola, Claudia and
Petitta, Marcello and
Scherrer, Simon C. and
Strasser, Ulrich and
Winkler, Michael and
Zebisch, Marc and
Cicogna, A. and
Cremonini, R. and
Debernardi, Andrea and
Faletto, Mattia and
Gaddo, Mauro and
Giovannini, Lorenzo and
Mercalli, Luca and
Soubeyroux, Jean‐Michel and
Su{\v{s}}nik, Andrea and
Trenti, Alberto and
Urbani, Stefano and
Weilguni, Viktor},
journal = "",
year = "2020",
publisher = "Copernicus GmbH",
url = "https://gwf-uwaterloo.github.io/gwf-publications/G20-75006",
doi = "10.5194/tc-2020-289",
abstract = "Abstract. The European Alps stretch over a range of climate zones, which affect the spatial distribution of snow. Previous analyses of station observations of snow were confined to regional analyses. Here, we present an Alpine wide analysis of snow depth from six Alpine countries: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Slovenia, and Switzerland; including altogether more than 2000 stations. Using a principal component analysis and k-means clustering, we identified five main modes of variability and five regions, which match the climatic forcing zones: north and high Alpine, northeast, northwest, southeast and southwest. Linear trends of mean monthly snow depth between 1971 to 2019 showed decreases in snow depth for 87 {\%} of the stations. December to February trends were on average −1.1 cm decade−1 (min, max: −10.8, 4.4; elevation range 0{--}1000 m), −2.5 (−25.1, 4.4; 1000{--}2000 m) and −0.1 (−23.3, 9.9; 2000{--}3000 m), with stronger trends in March to May: −0.6 (−10.9, 1.0; 0{--}1000 m), −4.6 (−28.1, 4.1; 1000{--}2000 m) and −7.6 (−28.3, 10.5; 2000{--}3000 m). However, regional trends differed substantially, which challenges the notion of generalizing results from one Alpine region to another or to the whole Alps. This study presents an analysis of station snow depth series with the most comprehensive spatial coverage in the European Alps to date.",
}
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<abstract>Abstract. The European Alps stretch over a range of climate zones, which affect the spatial distribution of snow. Previous analyses of station observations of snow were confined to regional analyses. Here, we present an Alpine wide analysis of snow depth from six Alpine countries: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Slovenia, and Switzerland; including altogether more than 2000 stations. Using a principal component analysis and k-means clustering, we identified five main modes of variability and five regions, which match the climatic forcing zones: north and high Alpine, northeast, northwest, southeast and southwest. Linear trends of mean monthly snow depth between 1971 to 2019 showed decreases in snow depth for 87 % of the stations. December to February trends were on average −1.1 cm decade−1 (min, max: −10.8, 4.4; elevation range 0–1000 m), −2.5 (−25.1, 4.4; 1000–2000 m) and −0.1 (−23.3, 9.9; 2000–3000 m), with stronger trends in March to May: −0.6 (−10.9, 1.0; 0–1000 m), −4.6 (−28.1, 4.1; 1000–2000 m) and −7.6 (−28.3, 10.5; 2000–3000 m). However, regional trends differed substantially, which challenges the notion of generalizing results from one Alpine region to another or to the whole Alps. This study presents an analysis of station snow depth series with the most comprehensive spatial coverage in the European Alps to date.</abstract>
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%0 Journal Article %T Observed snow depth trends in the European Alps 1971 to 2019 %A Matiu, Michael %A Crespi, Alice %A Bertoldi, Giacomo %A Carmagnola, Carlo Maria %A Marty, Christoph %A Morin, Samuel %A Schöner, Wolfgang %A Berro, Daniele Cat %A Chiogna, Gabriele %A Gregorio, Ludovica De %A Kotlarski, Sven %A Majone, Bruno %A Resch, Gernot %A Terzago, Silvia %A Valt, Mauro %A Beozzo, Walter %A Cianfarra, Paola %A Gouttevin, Isabelle %A Marcolini, Giorgia %A Notarnicola, Claudia %A Petitta, Marcello %A Scherrer, Simon C. %A Strasser, Ulrich %A Winkler, Michael %A Zebisch, Marc %A Cicogna, A. %A Cremonini, R. %A Debernardi, Andrea %A Faletto, Mattia %A Gaddo, Mauro %A Giovannini, Lorenzo %A Mercalli, Luca %A Soubeyroux, Jean‐Michel %A Sušnik, Andrea %A Trenti, Alberto %A Urbani, Stefano %A Weilguni, Viktor %D 2020 %I Copernicus GmbH %F Matiu-2020-Observed %X Abstract. The European Alps stretch over a range of climate zones, which affect the spatial distribution of snow. Previous analyses of station observations of snow were confined to regional analyses. Here, we present an Alpine wide analysis of snow depth from six Alpine countries: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Slovenia, and Switzerland; including altogether more than 2000 stations. Using a principal component analysis and k-means clustering, we identified five main modes of variability and five regions, which match the climatic forcing zones: north and high Alpine, northeast, northwest, southeast and southwest. Linear trends of mean monthly snow depth between 1971 to 2019 showed decreases in snow depth for 87 % of the stations. December to February trends were on average −1.1 cm decade−1 (min, max: −10.8, 4.4; elevation range 0–1000 m), −2.5 (−25.1, 4.4; 1000–2000 m) and −0.1 (−23.3, 9.9; 2000–3000 m), with stronger trends in March to May: −0.6 (−10.9, 1.0; 0–1000 m), −4.6 (−28.1, 4.1; 1000–2000 m) and −7.6 (−28.3, 10.5; 2000–3000 m). However, regional trends differed substantially, which challenges the notion of generalizing results from one Alpine region to another or to the whole Alps. This study presents an analysis of station snow depth series with the most comprehensive spatial coverage in the European Alps to date. %R 10.5194/tc-2020-289 %U https://gwf-uwaterloo.github.io/gwf-publications/G20-75006 %U https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2020-289
Markdown (Informal)
[Observed snow depth trends in the European Alps 1971 to 2019](https://gwf-uwaterloo.github.io/gwf-publications/G20-75006) (Matiu et al., GWF 2020)
- Observed snow depth trends in the European Alps 1971 to 2019 (Matiu et al., GWF 2020)
ACL
- Michael Matiu, Alice Crespi, Giacomo Bertoldi, Carlo Maria Carmagnola, Christoph Marty, Samuel Morin, Wolfgang Schöner, Daniele Cat Berro, Gabriele Chiogna, Ludovica De Gregorio, Sven Kotlarski, Bruno Majone, Gernot Resch, Silvia Terzago, Mauro Valt, Walter Beozzo, Paola Cianfarra, Isabelle Gouttevin, Giorgia Marcolini, et al.. 2020. Observed snow depth trends in the European Alps 1971 to 2019.