FLUXNET-CH<sub>4</sub>: a global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands
Kyle Delwiche, Sara Knox, Avni Malhotra, Etienne Fluet‐Chouinard, Gavin McNicol, Sarah Féron, Zutao Ouyang, Dario Papale, Carlo Trotta, E. Canfora, You Wei Cheah, Danielle Christianson, Ma. Carmelita R. Alberto, Pavel Alekseychik, Mika Aurela, Dennis Baldocchi, Sheel Bansal, David P. Billesbach, Gil Bohrer, Rosvel Bracho, Nina Buchmann, David I. Campbell, Gerardo Celis, Jiquan Chen, Weinan Chen, Housen Chu, Higo J. Dalmagro, Sigrid Dengel, Ankur R. Desai, Matteo Detto, A. J. Dolman, Elke Eichelmann, Eugénie Euskirchen, D. Famulari, Kathrin Fuchs, Mathias Goeckede, Sébastien Gogo, Mangaliso J. Gondwe, Jordan P. Goodrich, Pia Gottschalk, Scott L. Graham, Martin Heimann, Manuel Helbig, Carole Helfter, Kyle S. Hemes, Takashi Hirano, David Y. Hollinger, Lukas Hörtnagl, Hiroyasu Iwata, Adrien Jacotot, Gerald Jurasinski, Minseok Kang, Kuno Kasak, John S. King, Janina Klatt, Franziska Koebsch, Ken W. Krauss, Derrick Y.F. Lai, Annalea Lohila, Ivan Mammarella, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Giovanni Manca, Jaclyn Hatala Matthes, Trofim C. Maximov, Lutz Merbold, Bhaskar Mitra, Timothy H. Morin, Eiko Nemitz, Mats Nilsson, Shuli Niu, Walter C. Oechel, Patricia Y. Oikawa, Kaori Ono, Matthias Peichl, Olli Peltola, M. L. Reba, Andrew D. Richardson, William J. Riley, Benjamin R. K. Runkle, Youngryel Ryu, Torsten Sachs, Ayaka Sakabe, Camilo Rey‐Sánchez, Edward A. G. Schuur, Karina V. R. Schäfer, Oliver Sonnentag, Jed P. Sparks, Ellen Stuart-Haëntjens, Cove Sturtevant, Ryan C. Sullivan, Daphne Szutu, Jonathan E. Thom, M. S. Torn, Eeva‐Stiina Tuittila, J. Turner, Masahito Ueyama, Alex Valach, Rodrigo Vargas, Andrej Varlagin, Alma Vázquez‐Lule, Joseph Verfaillie, Timo Vesala, George L. Vourlitis, Eric J. Ward, Christian Wille, Georg Wohlfahrt, Guan Xhuan Wong, Zhen Zhang, Donatella Zona, Lisamarie Windham‐Myers, Benjamin Poulter, Robert B. Jackson
Abstract
Abstract. Methane (CH4) emissions from natural landscapes constitute roughly half of global CH4 contributions to the atmosphere, yet large uncertainties remain in the absolute magnitude and the seasonality of emission quantities and drivers. Eddy covariance (EC) measurements of CH4 flux are ideal for constraining ecosystem-scale CH4 emissions due to quasi-continuous and high-temporal-resolution CH4 flux measurements, coincident carbon dioxide, water, and energy flux measurements, lack of ecosystem disturbance, and increased availability of datasets over the last decade. Here, we (1) describe the newly published dataset, FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0, the first open-source global dataset of CH4 EC measurements (available at https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/, last access: 7 April 2021). FLUXNET-CH4 includes half-hourly and daily gap-filled and non-gap-filled aggregated CH4 fluxes and meteorological data from 79 sites globally: 42 freshwater wetlands, 6 brackish and saline wetlands, 7 formerly drained ecosystems, 7 rice paddy sites, 2 lakes, and 15 uplands. Then, we (2) evaluate FLUXNET-CH4 representativeness for freshwater wetland coverage globally because the majority of sites in FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0 are freshwater wetlands which are a substantial source of total atmospheric CH4 emissions; and (3) we provide the first global estimates of the seasonal variability and seasonality predictors of freshwater wetland CH4 fluxes. Our representativeness analysis suggests that the freshwater wetland sites in the dataset cover global wetland bioclimatic attributes (encompassing energy, moisture, and vegetation-related parameters) in arctic, boreal, and temperate regions but only sparsely cover humid tropical regions. Seasonality metrics of wetland CH4 emissions vary considerably across latitudinal bands. In freshwater wetlands (except those between 20∘ S to 20∘ N) the spring onset of elevated CH4 emissions starts 3 d earlier, and the CH4 emission season lasts 4 d longer, for each degree Celsius increase in mean annual air temperature. On average, the spring onset of increasing CH4 emissions lags behind soil warming by 1 month, with very few sites experiencing increased CH4 emissions prior to the onset of soil warming. In contrast, roughly half of these sites experience the spring onset of rising CH4 emissions prior to the spring increase in gross primary productivity (GPP). The timing of peak summer CH4 emissions does not correlate with the timing for either peak summer temperature or peak GPP. Our results provide seasonality parameters for CH4 modeling and highlight seasonality metrics that cannot be predicted by temperature or GPP (i.e., seasonality of CH4 peak). FLUXNET-CH4 is a powerful new resource for diagnosing and understanding the role of terrestrial ecosystems and climate drivers in the global CH4 cycle, and future additions of sites in tropical ecosystems and site years of data collection will provide added value to this database. All seasonality parameters are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4672601 (Delwiche et al., 2021). Additionally, raw FLUXNET-CH4 data used to extract seasonality parameters can be downloaded from https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/ (last access: 7 April 2021), and a complete list of the 79 individual site data DOIs is provided in Table 2 of this paper.- Cite:
- Kyle Delwiche, Sara Knox, Avni Malhotra, Etienne Fluet‐Chouinard, Gavin McNicol, Sarah Féron, Zutao Ouyang, Dario Papale, Carlo Trotta, E. Canfora, You Wei Cheah, Danielle Christianson, Ma. Carmelita R. Alberto, Pavel Alekseychik, Mika Aurela, Dennis Baldocchi, Sheel Bansal, David P. Billesbach, Gil Bohrer, et al.. 2021. FLUXNET-CH4: a global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands. Earth System Science Data, Volume 13, Issue 7, 13(7):3607–3689.
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@article{Delwiche-2021-FLUXNET-CH<sub>4</sub>:, title = "FLUXNET-CH{\textless}sub{\textgreater}4{\textless}/sub{\textgreater}: a global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands", author = {Delwiche, Kyle and Knox, Sara and Malhotra, Avni and Fluet‐Chouinard, Etienne and McNicol, Gavin and F{\'e}ron, Sarah and Ouyang, Zutao and Papale, Dario and Trotta, Carlo and Canfora, E. and Cheah, You Wei and Christianson, Danielle and Alberto, Ma. Carmelita R. and Alekseychik, Pavel and Aurela, Mika and Baldocchi, Dennis and Bansal, Sheel and Billesbach, David P. and Bohrer, Gil and Bracho, Rosvel and Buchmann, Nina and Campbell, David I. and Celis, Gerardo and Chen, Jiquan and Chen, Weinan and Chu, Housen and Dalmagro, Higo J. and Dengel, Sigrid and Desai, Ankur R. and Detto, Matteo and Dolman, A. J. and Eichelmann, Elke and Euskirchen, Eug{\'e}nie and Famulari, D. and Fuchs, Kathrin and Goeckede, Mathias and Gogo, S{\'e}bastien and Gondwe, Mangaliso J. and Goodrich, Jordan P. and Gottschalk, Pia and Graham, Scott L. and Heimann, Martin and Helbig, Manuel and Helfter, Carole and Hemes, Kyle S. and Hirano, Takashi and Hollinger, David Y. and H{\"o}rtnagl, Lukas and Iwata, Hiroyasu and Jacotot, Adrien and Jurasinski, Gerald and Kang, Minseok and Kasak, Kuno and King, John S. and Klatt, Janina and Koebsch, Franziska and Krauss, Ken W. and Lai, Derrick Y.F. and Lohila, Annalea and Mammarella, Ivan and Marchesini, Luca Belelli and Manca, Giovanni and Matthes, Jaclyn Hatala and Maximov, Trofim C. and Merbold, Lutz and Mitra, Bhaskar and Morin, Timothy H. and Nemitz, Eiko and Nilsson, Mats and Niu, Shuli and Oechel, Walter C. and Oikawa, Patricia Y. and Ono, Kaori and Peichl, Matthias and Peltola, Olli and Reba, M. L. and Richardson, Andrew D. and Riley, William J. and Runkle, Benjamin R. K. and Ryu, Youngryel and Sachs, Torsten and Sakabe, Ayaka and Rey‐S{\'a}nchez, Camilo and Schuur, Edward A. G. and Sch{\"a}fer, Karina V. R. and Sonnentag, Oliver and Sparks, Jed P. and Stuart-Ha{\"e}ntjens, Ellen and Sturtevant, Cove and Sullivan, Ryan C. and Szutu, Daphne and Thom, Jonathan E. and Torn, M. S. and Tuittila, Eeva‐Stiina and Turner, J. and Ueyama, Masahito and Valach, Alex and Vargas, Rodrigo and Varlagin, Andrej and V{\'a}zquez‐Lule, Alma and Verfaillie, Joseph and Vesala, Timo and Vourlitis, George L. and Ward, Eric J. and Wille, Christian and Wohlfahrt, Georg and Wong, Guan Xhuan and Zhang, Zhen and Zona, Donatella and Windham‐Myers, Lisamarie and Poulter, Benjamin and Jackson, Robert B.}, journal = "Earth System Science Data, Volume 13, Issue 7", volume = "13", number = "7", year = "2021", publisher = "Copernicus GmbH", url = "https://gwf-uwaterloo.github.io/gwf-publications/G21-71002", doi = "10.5194/essd-13-3607-2021", pages = "3607--3689", abstract = "Abstract. Methane (CH4) emissions from natural landscapes constitute roughly half of global CH4 contributions to the atmosphere, yet large uncertainties remain in the absolute magnitude and the seasonality of emission quantities and drivers. Eddy covariance (EC) measurements of CH4 flux are ideal for constraining ecosystem-scale CH4 emissions due to quasi-continuous and high-temporal-resolution CH4 flux measurements, coincident carbon dioxide, water, and energy flux measurements, lack of ecosystem disturbance, and increased availability of datasets over the last decade. Here, we (1) describe the newly published dataset, FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0, the first open-source global dataset of CH4 EC measurements (available at https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/, last access: 7 April 2021). FLUXNET-CH4 includes half-hourly and daily gap-filled and non-gap-filled aggregated CH4 fluxes and meteorological data from 79 sites globally: 42 freshwater wetlands, 6 brackish and saline wetlands, 7 formerly drained ecosystems, 7 rice paddy sites, 2 lakes, and 15 uplands. Then, we (2) evaluate FLUXNET-CH4 representativeness for freshwater wetland coverage globally because the majority of sites in FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0 are freshwater wetlands which are a substantial source of total atmospheric CH4 emissions; and (3) we provide the first global estimates of the seasonal variability and seasonality predictors of freshwater wetland CH4 fluxes. Our representativeness analysis suggests that the freshwater wetland sites in the dataset cover global wetland bioclimatic attributes (encompassing energy, moisture, and vegetation-related parameters) in arctic, boreal, and temperate regions but only sparsely cover humid tropical regions. Seasonality metrics of wetland CH4 emissions vary considerably across latitudinal bands. In freshwater wetlands (except those between 20∘ S to 20∘ N) the spring onset of elevated CH4 emissions starts 3 d earlier, and the CH4 emission season lasts 4 d longer, for each degree Celsius increase in mean annual air temperature. On average, the spring onset of increasing CH4 emissions lags behind soil warming by 1 month, with very few sites experiencing increased CH4 emissions prior to the onset of soil warming. In contrast, roughly half of these sites experience the spring onset of rising CH4 emissions prior to the spring increase in gross primary productivity (GPP). The timing of peak summer CH4 emissions does not correlate with the timing for either peak summer temperature or peak GPP. Our results provide seasonality parameters for CH4 modeling and highlight seasonality metrics that cannot be predicted by temperature or GPP (i.e., seasonality of CH4 peak). FLUXNET-CH4 is a powerful new resource for diagnosing and understanding the role of terrestrial ecosystems and climate drivers in the global CH4 cycle, and future additions of sites in tropical ecosystems and site years of data collection will provide added value to this database. All seasonality parameters are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4672601 (Delwiche et al., 2021). Additionally, raw FLUXNET-CH4 data used to extract seasonality parameters can be downloaded from https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/ (last access: 7 April 2021), and a complete list of the 79 individual site data DOIs is provided in Table 2 of this paper.", }
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type="family">Vázquez‐Lule</namePart> <role> <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">author</roleTerm> </role> </name> <name type="personal"> <namePart type="given">Joseph</namePart> <namePart type="family">Verfaillie</namePart> <role> <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">author</roleTerm> </role> </name> <name type="personal"> <namePart type="given">Timo</namePart> <namePart type="family">Vesala</namePart> <role> <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">author</roleTerm> </role> </name> <name type="personal"> <namePart type="given">George</namePart> <namePart type="given">L</namePart> <namePart type="family">Vourlitis</namePart> <role> <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">author</roleTerm> </role> </name> <name type="personal"> <namePart type="given">Eric</namePart> <namePart type="given">J</namePart> <namePart type="family">Ward</namePart> <role> <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">author</roleTerm> </role> </name> <name type="personal"> <namePart type="given">Christian</namePart> <namePart type="family">Wille</namePart> <role> <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">author</roleTerm> </role> </name> <name type="personal"> <namePart type="given">Georg</namePart> <namePart type="family">Wohlfahrt</namePart> <role> <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">author</roleTerm> </role> </name> <name type="personal"> <namePart type="given">Guan</namePart> <namePart type="given">Xhuan</namePart> <namePart type="family">Wong</namePart> <role> <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">author</roleTerm> </role> </name> <name type="personal"> <namePart type="given">Zhen</namePart> <namePart type="family">Zhang</namePart> <role> <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">author</roleTerm> </role> </name> <name type="personal"> <namePart type="given">Donatella</namePart> <namePart type="family">Zona</namePart> <role> <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">author</roleTerm> </role> </name> <name type="personal"> <namePart type="given">Lisamarie</namePart> <namePart type="family">Windham‐Myers</namePart> <role> <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">author</roleTerm> </role> </name> <name type="personal"> <namePart type="given">Benjamin</namePart> <namePart type="family">Poulter</namePart> <role> <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">author</roleTerm> </role> </name> <name type="personal"> <namePart type="given">Robert</namePart> <namePart type="given">B</namePart> <namePart type="family">Jackson</namePart> <role> <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">author</roleTerm> </role> </name> <originInfo> <dateIssued>2021</dateIssued> </originInfo> <typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource> <genre authority="bibutilsgt">journal article</genre> <relatedItem type="host"> <titleInfo> <title>Earth System Science Data, Volume 13, Issue 7</title> </titleInfo> <originInfo> <issuance>continuing</issuance> <publisher>Copernicus GmbH</publisher> </originInfo> <genre authority="marcgt">periodical</genre> <genre authority="bibutilsgt">academic journal</genre> </relatedItem> <abstract>Abstract. Methane (CH4) emissions from natural landscapes constitute roughly half of global CH4 contributions to the atmosphere, yet large uncertainties remain in the absolute magnitude and the seasonality of emission quantities and drivers. Eddy covariance (EC) measurements of CH4 flux are ideal for constraining ecosystem-scale CH4 emissions due to quasi-continuous and high-temporal-resolution CH4 flux measurements, coincident carbon dioxide, water, and energy flux measurements, lack of ecosystem disturbance, and increased availability of datasets over the last decade. Here, we (1) describe the newly published dataset, FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0, the first open-source global dataset of CH4 EC measurements (available at https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/, last access: 7 April 2021). FLUXNET-CH4 includes half-hourly and daily gap-filled and non-gap-filled aggregated CH4 fluxes and meteorological data from 79 sites globally: 42 freshwater wetlands, 6 brackish and saline wetlands, 7 formerly drained ecosystems, 7 rice paddy sites, 2 lakes, and 15 uplands. Then, we (2) evaluate FLUXNET-CH4 representativeness for freshwater wetland coverage globally because the majority of sites in FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0 are freshwater wetlands which are a substantial source of total atmospheric CH4 emissions; and (3) we provide the first global estimates of the seasonal variability and seasonality predictors of freshwater wetland CH4 fluxes. Our representativeness analysis suggests that the freshwater wetland sites in the dataset cover global wetland bioclimatic attributes (encompassing energy, moisture, and vegetation-related parameters) in arctic, boreal, and temperate regions but only sparsely cover humid tropical regions. Seasonality metrics of wetland CH4 emissions vary considerably across latitudinal bands. In freshwater wetlands (except those between 20∘ S to 20∘ N) the spring onset of elevated CH4 emissions starts 3 d earlier, and the CH4 emission season lasts 4 d longer, for each degree Celsius increase in mean annual air temperature. On average, the spring onset of increasing CH4 emissions lags behind soil warming by 1 month, with very few sites experiencing increased CH4 emissions prior to the onset of soil warming. In contrast, roughly half of these sites experience the spring onset of rising CH4 emissions prior to the spring increase in gross primary productivity (GPP). The timing of peak summer CH4 emissions does not correlate with the timing for either peak summer temperature or peak GPP. Our results provide seasonality parameters for CH4 modeling and highlight seasonality metrics that cannot be predicted by temperature or GPP (i.e., seasonality of CH4 peak). FLUXNET-CH4 is a powerful new resource for diagnosing and understanding the role of terrestrial ecosystems and climate drivers in the global CH4 cycle, and future additions of sites in tropical ecosystems and site years of data collection will provide added value to this database. All seasonality parameters are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4672601 (Delwiche et al., 2021). Additionally, raw FLUXNET-CH4 data used to extract seasonality parameters can be downloaded from https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/ (last access: 7 April 2021), and a complete list of the 79 individual site data DOIs is provided in Table 2 of this paper.</abstract> <identifier type="citekey">Delwiche-2021-FLUXNET-CH<sub>4</sub>:</identifier> <identifier type="doi">10.5194/essd-13-3607-2021</identifier> <location> <url>https://gwf-uwaterloo.github.io/gwf-publications/G21-71002</url> </location> <part> <date>2021</date> <detail type="volume"><number>13</number></detail> <detail type="issue"><number>7</number></detail> <extent unit="page"> <start>3607</start> <end>3689</end> </extent> </part> </mods> </modsCollection>
%0 Journal Article %T FLUXNET-CH\textlesssub\textgreater4\textless/sub\textgreater: a global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands %A Delwiche, Kyle %A Knox, Sara %A Malhotra, Avni %A Fluet‐Chouinard, Etienne %A McNicol, Gavin %A Féron, Sarah %A Ouyang, Zutao %A Papale, Dario %A Trotta, Carlo %A Canfora, E. %A Cheah, You Wei %A Christianson, Danielle %A Alberto, Ma. Carmelita R. %A Alekseychik, Pavel %A Aurela, Mika %A Baldocchi, Dennis %A Bansal, Sheel %A Billesbach, David P. %A Bohrer, Gil %A Bracho, Rosvel %A Buchmann, Nina %A Campbell, David I. %A Celis, Gerardo %A Chen, Jiquan %A Chen, Weinan %A Chu, Housen %A Dalmagro, Higo J. %A Dengel, Sigrid %A Desai, Ankur R. %A Detto, Matteo %A Dolman, A. J. %A Eichelmann, Elke %A Euskirchen, Eugénie %A Famulari, D. %A Fuchs, Kathrin %A Goeckede, Mathias %A Gogo, Sébastien %A Gondwe, Mangaliso J. %A Goodrich, Jordan P. %A Gottschalk, Pia %A Graham, Scott L. %A Heimann, Martin %A Helbig, Manuel %A Helfter, Carole %A Hemes, Kyle S. %A Hirano, Takashi %A Hollinger, David Y. %A Hörtnagl, Lukas %A Iwata, Hiroyasu %A Jacotot, Adrien %A Jurasinski, Gerald %A Kang, Minseok %A Kasak, Kuno %A King, John S. %A Klatt, Janina %A Koebsch, Franziska %A Krauss, Ken W. %A Lai, Derrick Y.F. %A Lohila, Annalea %A Mammarella, Ivan %A Marchesini, Luca Belelli %A Manca, Giovanni %A Matthes, Jaclyn Hatala %A Maximov, Trofim C. %A Merbold, Lutz %A Mitra, Bhaskar %A Morin, Timothy H. %A Nemitz, Eiko %A Nilsson, Mats %A Niu, Shuli %A Oechel, Walter C. %A Oikawa, Patricia Y. %A Ono, Kaori %A Peichl, Matthias %A Peltola, Olli %A Reba, M. L. %A Richardson, Andrew D. %A Riley, William J. %A Runkle, Benjamin R. K. %A Ryu, Youngryel %A Sachs, Torsten %A Sakabe, Ayaka %A Rey‐Sánchez, Camilo %A Schuur, Edward A. G. %A Schäfer, Karina V. R. %A Sonnentag, Oliver %A Sparks, Jed P. %A Stuart-Haëntjens, Ellen %A Sturtevant, Cove %A Sullivan, Ryan C. %A Szutu, Daphne %A Thom, Jonathan E. %A Torn, M. S. %A Tuittila, Eeva‐Stiina %A Turner, J. %A Ueyama, Masahito %A Valach, Alex %A Vargas, Rodrigo %A Varlagin, Andrej %A Vázquez‐Lule, Alma %A Verfaillie, Joseph %A Vesala, Timo %A Vourlitis, George L. %A Ward, Eric J. %A Wille, Christian %A Wohlfahrt, Georg %A Wong, Guan Xhuan %A Zhang, Zhen %A Zona, Donatella %A Windham‐Myers, Lisamarie %A Poulter, Benjamin %A Jackson, Robert B. %J Earth System Science Data, Volume 13, Issue 7 %D 2021 %V 13 %N 7 %I Copernicus GmbH %F Delwiche-2021-FLUXNET-CH<sub>4</sub>: %X Abstract. Methane (CH4) emissions from natural landscapes constitute roughly half of global CH4 contributions to the atmosphere, yet large uncertainties remain in the absolute magnitude and the seasonality of emission quantities and drivers. Eddy covariance (EC) measurements of CH4 flux are ideal for constraining ecosystem-scale CH4 emissions due to quasi-continuous and high-temporal-resolution CH4 flux measurements, coincident carbon dioxide, water, and energy flux measurements, lack of ecosystem disturbance, and increased availability of datasets over the last decade. Here, we (1) describe the newly published dataset, FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0, the first open-source global dataset of CH4 EC measurements (available at https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/, last access: 7 April 2021). FLUXNET-CH4 includes half-hourly and daily gap-filled and non-gap-filled aggregated CH4 fluxes and meteorological data from 79 sites globally: 42 freshwater wetlands, 6 brackish and saline wetlands, 7 formerly drained ecosystems, 7 rice paddy sites, 2 lakes, and 15 uplands. Then, we (2) evaluate FLUXNET-CH4 representativeness for freshwater wetland coverage globally because the majority of sites in FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0 are freshwater wetlands which are a substantial source of total atmospheric CH4 emissions; and (3) we provide the first global estimates of the seasonal variability and seasonality predictors of freshwater wetland CH4 fluxes. Our representativeness analysis suggests that the freshwater wetland sites in the dataset cover global wetland bioclimatic attributes (encompassing energy, moisture, and vegetation-related parameters) in arctic, boreal, and temperate regions but only sparsely cover humid tropical regions. Seasonality metrics of wetland CH4 emissions vary considerably across latitudinal bands. In freshwater wetlands (except those between 20∘ S to 20∘ N) the spring onset of elevated CH4 emissions starts 3 d earlier, and the CH4 emission season lasts 4 d longer, for each degree Celsius increase in mean annual air temperature. On average, the spring onset of increasing CH4 emissions lags behind soil warming by 1 month, with very few sites experiencing increased CH4 emissions prior to the onset of soil warming. In contrast, roughly half of these sites experience the spring onset of rising CH4 emissions prior to the spring increase in gross primary productivity (GPP). The timing of peak summer CH4 emissions does not correlate with the timing for either peak summer temperature or peak GPP. Our results provide seasonality parameters for CH4 modeling and highlight seasonality metrics that cannot be predicted by temperature or GPP (i.e., seasonality of CH4 peak). FLUXNET-CH4 is a powerful new resource for diagnosing and understanding the role of terrestrial ecosystems and climate drivers in the global CH4 cycle, and future additions of sites in tropical ecosystems and site years of data collection will provide added value to this database. All seasonality parameters are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4672601 (Delwiche et al., 2021). Additionally, raw FLUXNET-CH4 data used to extract seasonality parameters can be downloaded from https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/ (last access: 7 April 2021), and a complete list of the 79 individual site data DOIs is provided in Table 2 of this paper. %R 10.5194/essd-13-3607-2021 %U https://gwf-uwaterloo.github.io/gwf-publications/G21-71002 %U https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3607-2021 %P 3607-3689
Markdown (Informal)
[FLUXNET-CH<sub>4</sub>: a global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands](https://gwf-uwaterloo.github.io/gwf-publications/G21-71002) (Delwiche et al., GWF 2021)
- FLUXNET-CH4: a global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands (Delwiche et al., GWF 2021)
ACL
- Kyle Delwiche, Sara Knox, Avni Malhotra, Etienne Fluet‐Chouinard, Gavin McNicol, Sarah Féron, Zutao Ouyang, Dario Papale, Carlo Trotta, E. Canfora, You Wei Cheah, Danielle Christianson, Ma. Carmelita R. Alberto, Pavel Alekseychik, Mika Aurela, Dennis Baldocchi, Sheel Bansal, David P. Billesbach, Gil Bohrer, et al.. 2021. FLUXNET-CH4: a global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands. Earth System Science Data, Volume 13, Issue 7, 13(7):3607–3689.